화내는 엄마의 감정다스리는 방법
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자극 바꾸기
부모가 아이에 대해서 부정적 감정이 생기는 자극들을 미리 없애고 성공을 위한 육아환경을 계획하고 조성하는 방법이다. 부정적인 말을 할 필요가 없도록 아이가 만져서는 안 될 물건들을 미리 치워버리는 것이다. 예를 들면 다음과 같은 방법이다.
* 두 아이가 장난감 가지고 서로 싸우기 전에 장난감 소유자를 확실히 해놓는다. 이건 언니 것, 이건 동생 것이라고 이름을 써놓는다. 그래도 싸우면 그 물건을 압수해서 아이들 눈에 안 보이는 곳으로 치워놓는다.
* 밥 먹기 전에 과자, 초콜릿을 먹겠다고 우기면 애초부터 집에 사놓지 않는다.
* TV 시청 때문에 자꾸 야단을 치게 되면 TV를 아예 치워버린다.
자동적으로 드는 생각 바꾸기
리프레이밍은(reframing) 자동적 생각을 바꿈으로써 부정적 감정을 긍정적 감정으로 전환시키는 기술이다. 사람들은 경쟁자가 자신을 나쁘게 지적하면 그 사항에 대한 반증을 구체적으로 제시하면서 낱낱이 반박할 수 있다. 그러나 이와 똑같은 비난이 자신의 마음속에서 들릴 때는 반박하기 힘들어진다. 자신의 내면에서 비롯된 비관적인 생각은 무조건 신뢰하고 싶은 자기애의 본능이 자리잡고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 자기애를 극복하고 자신의 비관적인 생각을 파악하고 반박하는 단계를 마틴 셀리그만은 ABCDE 방법으로 소개하고 있다.
A(adversity) 불행한 사건
B(belief) 잘못된 생각
C(consequence) 잘못된 생각으로 인한 부정적 감정
D(disputation) 잘못된 생각에 대한 자기반박
E(energization) 활력을 얻어서 긍정적인 감정으로 전환
여기서 자기반박은 리프레이밍 과정, 즉 사고전환을 일으킴으로써 긍정정서를 키우는 단계이다. 자동적 생각에 반박하면서 긍정적 감정으로 전환시켰던 사례들을 소개해 본다.
내가 긴급한 전화를 받고 있는 상황이다.
A 자극 아이가 전화를 끊으라고 옆에서 칭얼댄다.
B 자동적 생각 어른이 전화하고 있는데 아이가 이러는 모습은 버릇없다.
C 감정적 결과 짜증이 난다.
D 사고 전환 아이가 따분해서 그러는 것이며 긴급한 전화인지를 아이는 이해하지 못해서 그런 것이다. 아이가 상황을 이해하도록 차분히 설명해 주자.
E 감정 전환 짜증난 감정을 단호하고 엄격함으로 바꾼다.
사실 리프레이밍하는 과정은 문제에 직면해 보면 참 어렵다. 감정이 흥분되어 있는데 급히 사고전환을 한다는 것이 어디 쉽겠는가? 그것이 가능하려면 나의 뇌가 평소에 긍정정서를 선호하고 거기에 익숙해져 있어야 한다. 그래야 뇌가 부정적 감정에 휘둘리고 있을 때 어서 ‘아차’ 하면서 리프레이밍하고 싶은 강한 동기가 솟구친다. 감정은 습관에서 나오기 때문이다.
감정 바꾸기
자극에 대해 자동적으로 드는 감정을 순간적으로 바꿔야 할 상황이 많다. 아이에게 화를 버럭 내고 싶거나 때리고 싶은 감정이 치밀어 오르는데 그런 감정을 순간 조절하지 않으면 아이에게 언어폭력이나 신체폭력을 가하게 되는 것이다. 그 긴박한 찰나에 부정적 감정을 긍정적 감정으로 바꾸는 방법 가운데 가장 잘 알려진 방법은 숨을 깊고 고르게 쉬거나, ‘하나, 둘, 셋’ 하고 수를 세는 방법이다. 이 외에 간단한 신체동작들이 있다. 부정적 감정이 생겼을 때 무의식중에라도 습관처럼 행할 수 있도록 감정 전환 연습을 해보자. 강박장애환자가 불안할 때마다 반복적인 행동을 해야 안심을 찾듯이 간단한 신체동작을 반복적으로 하면서 화를 완화시킬 수 있다.
감정을 순간 전환시키는 방법
· 새가 날개를 펴고 날개 짓을 하듯이 양팔을 쭉 뻗어서 내렸다 반복한다.
· 고개를 쭉 젖혀서 천장을 쳐다보고 고개를 숙여서 마루를 쳐다보는 행위를 반복한다.
· 가슴을 손으로 반복적으로 쓸어내리면서 ‘참자’ 라고 외친다.
· 손뼉을 반복적으로 치면서 정신을 차린다.
· 긴장된 목 근육을 두 손으로 부드럽게 마사지한다
· 긴장된 턱관절 부위를 양손으로 마사지한다.
이러한 신체 동작과 함께 기분 좋은 상상을 같이 하면 감정 전환 효과가 배로 상승한다. 부정적 감정을 반복적으로 만들어내는 잦은 상황들을 찾아보고 이런 상황에서 긍정적 감정을 가지는 상상훈련을 꾸준히 함으로써 감정 전환 능력을 키워보는 것도 괜찮다.
글|최유경 원장(한림대학교 의과대학 졸업, 샘소아 청소년과의원 원장)